Evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance is driven by Beijing lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam

Abstract

A previous investigation has elucidated the landscape of Mtb genomic diversity and transmission dynamics in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Here, we expand the scope of this survey by adding a substantial number of additional genomes (total sample size: 2,542) and phenotypic drug susceptibility data for the majority of isolates. We aim to explore the prevalence and evolutionary dynamics of drug resistance and our ability to predict drug resistance from sequencing data. Among isolates tested phenotypically against first-line drugs, we observed high rates of streptomycin [STR, 37.7% (N = 573/1,520)] and isoniazid resistance [INH, 25.7% (N = 459/1,786)] and lower rates of resistance to rifampicin [R..